Sleep Foundations

Josh Allen • June 14, 2023

Understanding the Circadian Rhythm

  • Your circadian rhythm, or your sleep/wake cycle, is a 24-hour internal clock that regulates sleepfulness and wakefulness. Your circadian rhythm is controlled by a part of your brain called the hypothalamus, which is very sensitive to light. When your hypothalamus senses light, it sends signals to the rest of your body telling it that it's time to wake up. On the other hand, when it gets dark, your hypothalamus signals your body that it's time to wind down. 
  • Another factor that affects circadian rhythm is temperature. Humans have evolved with temperatures dropping at night relative to day. Just like light, our body senses temperature and it has an effect on our sleep.
  • Cortisol and melatonin are the main hormones involved in the circadian rhythm process. In a perfect world, cortisol rises in the morning and then drops at night. Melatonin does the opposite. It's lowest in the morning and then gradually increases as the day goes on. That means, in theory, you wake up in the morning feeling energized, ready to go from cortisol. Then at night you start to feel sleepy and head to bed from melatonin.
  • Circadian rhythms have been critical throughout evolution, allowing animals (including humans) to prepare for upcoming changes to their environment. Today, research is charting the harms of disrupted circadian rhythm, such as sleep disorders, obesity, diabetes, depression, and bipolar disorder—not to mention difficulties concentrating and staying productive.


Physiological & Lifestyle Factors That Affect Sleep

  • High Cortisol
  • Cortisol is your ‘stress’ hormone. Cortisol is not bad but too much of it and at the wrong times is. Unfortunately we expose ourselves to more stress than what we evolved to be able to handle. When we have this chronic high level of stress, our cortisol levels become imbalanced which will disrupt sleep.
  • Cortisol is designed to wake us up in the morning. Altered cortisol levels can lead to you waking earlier than usual. Waking up at 3, 4 or 5am and not being able to fall back asleep can be a sign of high cortisol.
  • Lifestyle factors: 
  • Mental stress such as deadlines, workload, arguments. 
  • Emotional stress such as relationship problems, not doing what you love.
  • Physical stress such as poor diet, lack of sleep, too much physical exertion or injuries.
  • Blood Sugar Imbalances.
  • Being insulin resistant means that your cells do not respond well to insulin, a hormone needed to regulate blood sugar. 
  • Insulin resistance and poor blood sugar balance can cause the kidneys to overwork, leading to more frequent urination at night which disrupts sleep.
  • Lifestyle Factors
  • Poor nutritional choices, typically processed high carbohydrate diets.
  • Lack of or poor quality sleep.
  • Poor Detoxification 
  • Inability to effectively detoxify will negatively affect sleep. 
  • The liver is responsible for detoxification and does most of its work at night. Therefore, if the liver is overworked or backed up from excessive toxic load, you will have trouble falling or staying asleep.
  • Lifestyle Factors
  • Consumption of water or food high in toxins ie: heavy metals, pesticides.
  • Environmental toxins ie: car or industry related pollution.
  • Direct exposure ie: careers with chemical exposure, cosmetics etc.
  • Digestion and Food Timing
  • Digestion is meant to slow down at night. Eating late leads to poor digestion by forcing it to work overtime. As a result you won’t sleep well.
  • Lifestyle Factors
  • Eating large/dense meals within 3hrs of bed time. 
  • Alcohol can disrupt sleep too. It may help you fall asleep easier but it generally will lead to poor sleep quality and cause you to wake early feeling unrested.
  • Low Carb Diets
  • Low carb diets and regular fasting, especially for too long will disrupt sleep. It results in a reduction of serotonin; a sleep and mood neurotransmitter.
  • Low carb/calorie diets also affect the thyroid which regulates body temperature; a major part of maintaining healthy circadian rhythm. 
  • Intense Training and Exercise Timing
  • Excess cardio, or workouts that are very long (more than an hour) put the body under excessive stress. 
  • Intense exercise later in the evening will suppress melatonin and elevate cortisol making it harder to fall asleep.


5 Reasons To Prioritize Sleep

Sleep is probably the best and most underrated thing you can do for your health, well being and longevity. In our modern world with so many forces against sleep (TV, cellphones, workload, social pressure/commitments, processed foods etc) it is no wonder that our sleep suffers the way it does and why it is so challenging for us to get a good night's sleep. Here are 5 reasons why getting good sleep is essential to living your best life. 


1.Repair and Recovery

  • Whether you are a professional athlete or office worker, if you want to perform well at your craft you must allow the brain and body to rest.
  • Between 10pm and 1am growth hormone repairs your body while the nervous system repairs from 1am - 6am.

2. Focus & Cognition

  • Good sleep can optimize problem-solving abilities and boost memory performance. Conversely, insufficient sleep has been demonstrated to hinder cognitive function and impair decision-making capabilities.

3. Energy

  • Most of us feel a sense of pride when we accomplish important tasks during the day. Having enough energy is essential to completing these responsibilities and feeling good about yourself. 

4. Fat Loss and Muscle Growth

  • Insufficient sleep duration is linked to a heightened likelihood of developing obesity and experiencing weight gain. Sleep deprivation can also amplify appetite, leading to increased calorie consumption, particularly of sugary and fatty foods.
  • Up to 80% of the growth hormone is secreted at night, between 11pm and 1am. This hormone is responsible for stimulating growth and repair of every tissue in the body (including muscles), along with mobilizing fat cells.

5. Emotions and Social Interactions

  • Inadequate sleep loss reduces your ability to regulate emotions and interact socially. Being tired creates behaviors that may be out of character for you. Prioritizing sleep may be a key way to improve your relationships with others and help you become more social.


10 Essential Habits to Improve Sleep

People demonstrate sleep challenges in different ways. Trouble falling asleep, waking up in the middle of the night, snoozing a few times before waking up, waking up tired, etc. In some cases, people may not manifest specific symptoms. However, they realize how much better they sleep and feel when they start implementing better sleep related habits. So why do so many of us struggle with getting good sleep? There are many factors that play into having a good sleep, most of them lifestyle related and therefore within your control.  Here are 10 lifestyle habits that you can change to improve your sleep.


  • Morning Light
  • Allow sunlight (natural light) to be sensed by your body each morning. Getting sunlight (prior to 10am) on your body (eyes and skin) when you get up in the morning wakes up your cells and shuts off melatonin production to reset your circadian clock for a new day. 
  • If getting sunlight is difficult at certain times (because of weather, schedule or where you live), invest in devices that emit infrared light of specific (and safe) frequencies that have been proven to increase antioxidants, reduce inflammation, improve recovery and sleep quality.
  • Bed Time
  • Make it a habit to turn off your light by 10:30 pm at the latest. This allows your body to be sleeping by 11pm thereby taking advantage of the time when we release the most amount of growth hormone (which is essential for fat loss and muscle repair/growth). 
  • Electronics Before Bed
  • Set a time after which you do not use electronics including cell phones, TV, computers, etc. 1 hour before bed at minimum. If you absolutely must use them after the deadline, use blue-light blocking glasses and manage how bright the screens are.. 
  • Electronics While Sleeping
  • When you sleep, there should be no electronics beside you, especially near your head. All electronics emit frequencies that your brain perceives, disrupting sleep quality. Make sure Wifi is turned off and consider charging your devices in a room away from where you sleep.
  • Dim Lighting
  • The days of relying on a setting sun to regulate our sleep cycle are gone because we live in a time where it is hard to escape artificial light. We can however control the amount of light we are exposed to. As the sun goes down, turn off some lights to create a dim lit setting in your home. This will help with melatonin production allowing your body to be ready for sleep. Spending an evening with a fire is another way that dim lighting can help prepare your body for bed.
  • Bat Cave
  • For a healthy circadian rhythm, it is ideal to sleep in a room that is pitch black. Remove electorics, LED lights and install blinds or curtains to prevent light from outside. If you can not control the light, wear a sleep mask for your eyes. Along with that, reducing/eliminating noise in the room will dramatically improve sleep quality. If you cannot control noise, wear ear plugs.
  • Temperature
  • Temperature has just as much impact on your sleep, as light does. The ideal temperature of your room should be about 60-68 degrees Fahrenheit (18 degrees Celsius. Sleeping naked helps the body reduce its temperature, inducing deeper sleep too.
  • Nutrition
  • If you have blood sugar/insulin imbalances, it will be very important to fix this first. Generally this would require eating a whole foods diet that is free of processed carbohydrates. 
  • Finish eating your last meal, 3 hours before bed. If you need to eat closer to bedtime, choose something that is easier to digest such as a protein smoothie, banana or avocado.
  • Supplements
  • Basic supplements include high quality liquid fish oil and magnesium. These two alone will create improvements in sleep quality.
  • Calming Activities
  • Choose activities that help your nervous system turn on rest mode such as stretching, warm bath, drawing, reading or listening to relaxing music. Sitting by a fire is another great way to calm down and prepare the body and mind for bed.


Wake Times at Night and What They Mean 

10pm - 1am: Reactive Hypoglycemia (sugar crash)

  • Usually an indication of insulin resistance and not being able to balance blood sugar levels. Some form of nutritional intervention would be needed here. For others, this could be from not eating enough food or high quality carbohydrates during the day.

1am - 3am: Liver Toxicity / Overworked Liver

  • The liver could be overworked / toxic for a number of reasons. Some of these may include exposure to chemicals, hormones, heavy metals, birth control, medications, painkillers, alcohol and smoking. Besides minimizing / eliminating these factors, improving nutrition and hydration will support the liver.

3am - 5am: Oxidative stress

  • Having a high concentration of oxidants in your system is a result of consuming too many inflammatory, sugary, processed foods  and not enough variety/quantity of fruits and vegetables. 

3am - 7am: Disrupted Cortisol Curve 

  • Common for those who have a variety of stresses in their lives. The better you can manage the top stressors in your life, the faster you will sleep through this time slot. There are specific supplements that can help too if the basic sleep foundations do not work and you are unable to change the stressor.


If you would like more support to help you improve your sleep and energy contact us for information on our health coaching services.


By Josh Allen October 22, 2025
It's that time of year again where Halloween candy is everywhere - especially if you have children who are in the trick or treating age. We all know that candy is unhealthy and we are aware of sugar's detrimental effects on our health, from weight gain to cavities... But do you know the risks in eating Halloween candy that go beyond weight gain and cavities? While sugar is certainly a concern, other ingredients in many popular candies can chip away at your health and well-being. The Deceptive Allure of Halloween Treats While eating Halloween candy can be a nostalgic pleasure, the ingredients list tells a different story. I personally love Halloween but about 7 years ago I went clean and gave up Halloween candy for good because I learned it is much more than a sugar problem… Beyond sugar, are ingredients like hydrogenated oils, high-fructose corn syrup, artificial colors, titanium dioxide and common allergens like wheat, corn, dairy, and soy. These ingredients can wreak havoc on our bodies, leading to a host of negative health effects that most consumers overlook. Beware: 5 Ingredients in Halloween Candy With Negative Health Effects 1. Hydrogenated Oils: Hidden Fats Hydrogenated oils transform liquid oils into solid fats and enhance texture and shelf life. These trans fats are notorious for raising bad cholesterol levels, increasing the risk of heart disease and causing inflammation in the body. Look out for the word ‘Hydrogenated’ in candies like Skittles or Starburst 2. High-Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS): A Sweet Sabotage HFCS is another frequent offender. It’s a cheap, sweet alternative to sugar that can lead to rapid spikes in blood sugar levels and cravings. Overconsumption of HFCS has been linked to obesity, insulin resistance and fatty liver disease. Many people consume HFCS without even realizing it. Candies like Oh Henry and other chocolate bars have HFCS. 3. Artificial Colors: A Rainbow of Risks The colors that make Halloween candy so visually appealing are often the result of artificial colorings like Red 40, Yellow 5 (Tartrazine), Yellow 6 (Sunset Yellow) and Blue 1. Studies have shown links between these artificial colors and hyperactivity in children, as well as allergic reactions as well. Here are some of your Halloween favorites with these colors: Skittles , Maynards , Sour Patch Kids , Jolly Rancher , Twizzlers , Starburst and M&M’s 4. Titanium Dioxide: The White Truth Titanium dioxide is used in many candies to enhance their whiteness and opacity. It is a detergent that damages your gut and decreases your gut microbiome. Any candy that has a white center, like Skittles is known to use this ingredient. 5. Allergens: Hidden Dangers for Sensitive Individuals Finally, we can’t forget the processed allergens like wheat, corn, dairy and soy in many candies like Mars or Snickers . Those who are highly allergic know to stay away from foods with these ingredients but what about the low grade allergic response that most people ignore? Hives, scratchy through, congestions, asthma, sneezing, itchy eyes and mild GI discomfort are all effects of these allergens. The Scary Reality Halloween is a fun time but we’ve really thrown in the towel when it comes to our health based on the things we are accepting as ok. We've created a society where we buy the cheapest, lowest quality candies to give to our children (and ourselves). Most, if not all of the mainstream candy companies produce products that are high in chemicals to preserve shelf life, to entice our eyeballs and to stimulate our brain to want more the moment it hits our palette. We've also bought into the idea that it's ok because it is just once a year... but the reality is that this food is everywhere all the time. If it was just one day on Oct 31 then sure - that could be ok, but most children are coming home with more than 10lbs of candy that they consume over the next 30 days. It’s no wonder why so many of us suffer with health issues including our children. Modern children are being diagnosed with more health problems than previous generations. Things like childhood depression/anxiety, food allergies, ADHD, autism, eczema and obesity are just some of the things we are seeing more of. Stay Vigilant and Read Labels Can we blame our poor health all on Halloween candy? Certainly not - it's more than just candy in October however the amount of candy with the above ingredients being consumed during Halloween and through the year is definitely a contributor. So when it comes to candy, watch out for the sugar but it’s time to wake up to the other ingredients that are damaging us. The best thing to do is read the labels and be aware of what you choose to consume. And hopefully in time we choose to buy 'treats' that are not filled with chemicals. Next year, choose to buy healthier options versus the mainstream candy we grew up with. Healthier Alternatives Here are some options to consider instead of the mainstream low quality garbage that we've been accustomed too: Chocolate Bars Unreal Coconut Bars : This company is on point with way healthier ingredients than the mainstream. They carry an assortment of candies beyond just the coconut bar (which is one of my faves). Granola Bars Made Good : You've probably seen this brand around in stores - specializing in gluten free healthier granola bars. Cookies Simple Mills : Making cookies and baked goods gluten free and with sweeteners that have a lower glycemic index than regular sugar (less of a blood sugar spike) Candies Smart Sweets : Candies without all the artificial colors and high sugar. There are more brands out there but you have to be on your toes when buying. Pay attention to brands, scrutinize the ingredient list and pay the extra money. Every dollar you spend is a vote - the more we vote for the better products for our health, the lower the cost will end up being in the future.
By Josh Allen October 22, 2025
Having trouble controlling the intake of Halloween candy? Unless you are a disciplined ninja or equipped with helpful restraint tactics, you end up eating too much of this low quality, highly processed junk food. If you are someone with a sweet tooth then you are in luck! Here are 5 tactics that will help you avoid eating too much (if any) candy this Halloween. 1)Don’t Skip Meals or Snacks Skipping meals and snacks creates stress on your body and a stressed body is more likely to have sugar cravings. Self control becomes extremely difficult when you're underfed. If candy appears it is much harder to resist because your body is lacking energy, vitamins and minerals. If you eat a solid meal along with healthy snacks throughout the day (ie: protein shake, apple and almonds) I guarantee that it will be hard to eat candy. 2)Eat Enough Protein On the heels of not skipping meals, make sure each meal has enough protein. Meals that are low in protein mean that they are higher in carbs. As a result you will deal with blood sugar dips and greater hunger, weakening your resistance to candy. How much protein? This differs between people but generally you aim to have at least 0.8 grams of protein per pound of ideal body weight. The more active you are, the more protein you will require. 3)Stay Hydrated Being dehydrated will make you feel hungry even when you are not actually hungry. As a result you are more likely to have the urge to grab a sweet from the candy bowl. The simple solution is to just drink enough water throughout the day. How much water? Click here to download your All About Water PDF. 4)Say It Out Loud Often we eat candy without thinking. It is not uncommon to have 5 or 6 candies before you become mindful of what you are doing. By then it’s too late. This may sound strange but as you are picking up the candy - say out loud “I am going to eat this candy” (even if no one is around). This helps you become more aware of your actions, encourages mindfulness, and engages your logical mind. 5)Educate Yourself The scary truth is that mainstream Halloween candy is some of the worst food you can put into your body. Most of these candies contain highly inflammatory ingredients, allergens, and toxins known to disrupt everything from the gut microbiome to DNA, potentially contributing to ADHD symptoms and triggering allergies… And that’s without commenting on the effects of sugar that most of us already are aware of. Eating certain candies can be just as bad as smoking a cigarette! Give these tactics a try - they should help you to say no to Halloween junk food this year. If you are still having trouble, you can attempt a ‘clean sweep’ by throwing it all into the garbage… If you still have a sweet craving, have some dark chocolate or walk to the best bakery in town and buy yourself a $10 chocolate croissant :) Happy (Healthy) Halloween!
By Nova Health Club October 8, 2025
Sarah has been training with Nova for just over a year and we chose her as our SuperNova for how she uses training and fitness to stay strong for what she loves most: skiing, surfing, and adventure.
By Nova Health Club September 8, 2025
Andrew has been a Nova member for 9 years. One of his long standing goals was to do his first triathlon. He has been working towards this for years and just at the end of August he did it!
By Josh Allen August 7, 2025
If you're doing all the “right things” — working out, eating clean, trying to stay consistent — but still struggling with stubborn belly fat, low energy and slow results, you’re not alone.
By Nova Health Club August 1, 2025
Tanya’s dedication to rebuilding her health after surgery offers valuable lessons and perspective for anyone facing setbacks.
By Josh Allen July 3, 2025
Do Hard Things Now, So Life Becomes Easier Later Modern humans default to the easy way but it's not our fault... Throughout human history, we were wired to survive constant hardship - scarcity of food, threats from predators, harsh environments and manual labor for everything. Our DNA evolved for survival in these conditions, not for modern living. Imagine an early human stumbling across a fruit tree. It made sense to gorge - there was no telling when the next meal would come. The human who gorged had a higher chance of survival than the human who only ate a few pieces of fruit. Practicing self-control in an environment of scarcity would have been a death sentence. Likewise, if given a chance to rest instead of walking miles or hunting, rest was the obvious choice. The problem? Our genes haven’t caught up with modern life. Today, food is everywhere. We don’t have to fight to meet our basic needs. Technology does the heavy lifting, cars replace walking, entertainment is on-demand and calorie-dense foods are always within reach. Left unchecked, our instincts will always lean toward easy options like overeating unhealthy foods (that are so easily accessible) or driving to the store instead of walking. In other words, we’re still hardwired to take the path of least resistance. But here’s the catch: Choosing easy now often means a harder life later and choosing hard now often means an easier life later. Most modern humans are overweight, stressed, tired and dealing with chronic health problems because we’re following outdated survival programming that no longer serves us. It’s time to become aware of these defaults. To override them. To consciously choose the hard thing - because doing hard things is what actually makes life easier in the long run. Hard things like: Going to bed on time instead of watching another episode Preparing a healthy meal instead of grabbing fast food Moving your body instead of sitting all day Walking or biking to the store instead of driving Managing stress with deep breaths and fresh air instead of pouring a drink Looking at your habits instead of masking symptoms with medication It might feel uncomfortable because it goes against everything your biological programming is urging you to do. But that’s exactly why it matters. Don’t think of it as punishment or sacrifice. Think of it as an investment. Every time you take the stairs instead of the elevator, cook instead of order out, or put your phone down to truly rest, you’re building a life that’s easier, richer, and more fulfilling down the road. And remember: Do easy things, and you’ll have a hard life. Do hard things, and you’ll have an easy life. Most of the above information is probably not new to you. That’s because we live in the information age with the internet and now AI - we already know what it is we need to do. The problem however is implementation. This is where having a customized plan and accountability comes in. If you know the hard things you need to do more of but struggle with breaking past your ‘default mode’ then contact us for a complimentary consultation HERE .
By Nova Health Club July 1, 2025
Congratulations to Sonya Jeyaseelan, Our July 2025 SuperNova!
By Nova Health Club June 3, 2025
Congratulations to Liz Belford, Our June SuperNova!
Show More